Graphoscopy is the technique that conducts rigorous comparative studies of writing to identify people by individual and class characteristics, and if there are changes, it locates and describes them. (Legal Criminology, p. 1) Forensic medicine, also known as forensic medicine, medical jurisprudence or forensic medicine, is the branch of medicine that applies all the medical and biological knowledge necessary to solve the problems raised by the law. The coroner assists judges and courts in the administration of justice and determines the cause of injury or cause of death by examining a dead body. It examines the medical aspects arising from the day-to-day practice of the courts where they act as experts. It is closely linked to medical law. The specialist in this field is called a coroner or coroner. “The investigation of crimes was born as a necessity of society; Over time, the problems of everyday life have necessitated the creation of ingenious solutions to solve the most pressing problems of a growing social whole, such as the development of agricultural techniques, urbanization, the establishment of social structures such as government and the military, or the implementation of trade as a system of wealth creation. But all this also led to problems and disagreements between members of the social group, and to deal with this, the first legal texts were created, accompanied by sanctions for violators of this normativity. (Riano, 2011, p.20).
www.medicinalegal.gov.co/guias-y-reglamentos “Because of its importance for criminal investigations and forensics, the study of stage administration is a fundamental source of information and a legal basis for the collection of evidence. From the outset, the auditor or competent authority must act ethically, professionally and in accordance with the law; Always present the evidence legitimately to avoid subsequent trivialities and remember that the protection of the place is essential to avoid other circumstances: contamination, insufficient loss, manipulation of the physical evidence found there, factors that permanently affect the positive or negative development of the investigation. (López Calvo et al., 2000, p.11). For Silveyra (2006), “the investigator in charge will determine the composition of the team according to the nature of the incident and the complexity of the scene. Trained personnel are responsible for dealing with the crime scene. It is defined as the technique that attempts to determine, using its own methodology, the authenticity of writings and documents and, as far as possible, to determine the identity of its authors. Evidence is all “objects, instruments, traces, marks, traces, signals or remains used or produced in the commission of an act”. (Sosa, 1992, p. 47). The basic principles to be applied to any crime scene investigation are as follows: Forensic science was born as an alternative to the administration of justice to help resolve conflicts between community members. “Science responsible for the study of the internal composition and properties of bodies and their transformations. Forensic chemistry contributes to the obtaining and administration of justice to decipher toxic, chemical or other substances found in the human body, or in the seizure of illegal substances, as well as stains found at the site of the event or discovery.
It contributes to forensics using analytical chemistry, biochemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry and microchemistry, and in conjunction with physics, paper chromatography and gas phase methods are performed. Electrochemical techniques such as electrolysis, electrophoresis, polarography and conductometry are also practiced. (Luján, 2010, p.1) a) Assessment of the need for additional staff. Be aware of the need for additional staff for multiple scenes and victims, multiple witnesses and other circumstances. Among the most common clues that we can find at the scene of the event or crime are the following: – the places where the victim or evidence could have moved. a) Perform methodological evaluation and diligence, taking into account all possible evidence (e.g. biological fluids, latent traces, traces of evidence). “(1) Go quickly to the scene of the crime and always remember that the more time passes, the more evidence disappears and the perpetrator can escape. (2) to protect without difficulty the place of the facts; Do not move or touch anything until the staff involved in the investigation have prepared the ground. “The scene of the crime or the place of the act is the part of the space in which the act can be materialized, which can be revealed by objectively verifiable remains, is the source par excellence of the criminally usable evidence, which is directly capable of clarifying the fact. (Silveira, 2006.
p.28). 5. Holes in human skin and clothing, traces of smoke, burns or tattoos of gunpowder, shrapnel, traces of burns caused by lightning or flames. “Application of knowledge from the biological sciences to forensics through the systematic investigation of biological traces or clues left by the perpetrator or victim at the scene of the crime in order to determine the relationship between them and the crime and to provide scientific assistance for the clarification of police and judicial problems”. (Branches of the Judicial Inquiry, 2010, p.1) – Paternity investigation: challenge by the alleged father or complaint by the mother and/or child. “The names poison and poison are often used when calling poison substances supplied for intentionally harmful purposes, and the name remains toxic to the substance which, although it may cause harm, is not provided for that purpose. Usually, poison is understood as something that has an inherently dangerous nature, even in small doses such as cyanide, arsenic, lead, etc. And toxic, to what may cause harm, but not by the nature of the substance, example of this would be water, oxygen, etc. (c) “public” means any place, urban or rustic, public or private, intended for any purpose; which belong to the Confederation, a federal institution or a municipality. In general, a property of the State.